Method of making valves.



A, E. SCIILIEIIERI METHOD OF MAKING VALVES. APPLICATION 'FILED JUNE 28. I915.

Immfim Pwbentedl Feb. 5,19%.

AUGUSTUS E. SCHLIEDER, 0F DETROI'R MICHIGAN, ASSIGNOR T0 SCHJDIEDE B MENU FAGTUJRING COMPANY, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN, A CORPORATION OF MICHIGAN.

METHOD OF MAKING VALVES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. a, rare.

Application filed .Tune 28, rain. Serial No. 36,710.

at all whom it may c oncem:

Be it know that l, AUoUsTUs E. Sentinnun, a citizen of the United States, residm at Detroit, in the county of Wayne an.

State of Michigan, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Methods of Making Valves, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to an improved method of making valves and more particularly to valves used in. engines employing gases for the motive power.

in the manufacture of valves according to my invention it preferably employ a cast iron head and a steel stem, in contradistinction to the general. practice of making the head and stone. of the valve entirely of steel, thus reducing the cost of production and dispensing with the objectionable noise made by the heads of steel valves when closing against their seats.

The invention consists in the novel method of making valves, eachcomprising preferably a cast iron head formed with a central bore flared toward one end and a steel stem positioned in said bore so as to have its outer end extending beyond the outer face of said head, the latter being arranged so that the flaring of the bore provides a pocket or cup around the outer end portion of said stem, which end portion is subjected to heat adjacent the inner end of said flaring portion and subjected to pressure longitudinally so as to compress the stem and cause the heated portion of the latter to be extended circumferentially to form a flange or enlargement thereon, and in suitably uniting the head and stem to provide a complete and uniform structure.

The invent-ion further consists in the novel method of making valves having each a steel stem and a cast iron head united thereto in an improved manner.

lit further consists in the process of merging a steel stem with a cast iron head in a novel manner to produce a valve, ashoreinafter described and claimed.

In order that the construction of the valve and the process of making the same may be fully understood, l have illustrated in the drawings a series of views showing in detail the manner of uniting the stem to the head according to the several steps in the process.

In the drawings,

Figure 1 is a side elevation of a valve embodying my invention.

Fig. 2 is a side elevationof one end of the v I valve stem as it appears preparatory to insertlng the same into the head of the valve.

Fig. 3 is a central section through the valve head showing the construction of the same preparatory to receiving. the valve stem.

Fig. 4 is a sectional elevation with the valve stem shown forced into the head. Figs. 5 to 7 are sectional elevations show- 1ng successive steps in the process of constructing the valve.

Fig. 8 is a sectional elevation showing the completed valve, the resultant of my improved process.

Reference being had to'the drawings in detail, the numeral 10 designates the crown or head of the valve which is preferably cast of iron to the desired shape and provided with a central bore or opening 11 cylindrical through a portion of its length, as'at 12, and flared the remaining portion of its length to form a cup or pocket 13. 14C designates the valve stem which is preferably rolled or otherwise formed of steel, and is of cylindrical formation.

The cylindrical portion 12 of the bore is slightly smaller in diameter than the stem adapted to be inserted through the head, and for this reason the head is placed in a preheating furnace and heated to an extent to permit the stem to be forced through the bore or opening, the'outer end of the stem projecting a distance beyond the outer face of said head. "While the head is stillhot the valve thus far'completed is placed in an electric welding machine and the stem electrically heated at points adjacent the bottom of'the flared portion of said bore. When the stem is properly heated at such points the jaws of the welding machine are brought toward each other to upset the metal or cause the same to expand laterally at the points heated, thereby forming a circumferential head or enlargement 15 on the stem a distance from the outer end, as shown in Fig. 5. It is of course understood that any other means suitable for properly heating the stem as described may be substituted fon, the electric welding machine and that pressure may be applied to the stem to upset the same by means other than the jaws of said electric welding machine.

Assuming the parts to be in the positions and relation shown in Fig. 5, the outer extremity of the stem still projects beyond the outer face of the valve, and a flame 16 of intense heat, preferably an oxy-acetylene. flame, is applied directly against the head and the stem within the flaring portion of the bore, and while this intense heat is being applied to such parts I insert in the flame a bar of suitable fusing metal 17 to melt the same and deposit the molten metal 18 into the pooketorcup, as shown in Fig. 6. The molten metal, as well as the walls of the pocket or cup and that ortion of the stem projecting into said poc et or cup are'subjected to the action of the oxy-acetylene flame, or any other intense heat suitable for the purpose, the entire pocket or cup being filled with the molten metal to provide a flush upper face for the valve. This application of heat applied as described, in

conjunction with the circumferential bead on the stem, causes a complete bonding ofthe head and stem and produces a valve such as shown in Fig. 7 The metals of the head and stem are, however, so merged with the molten metal that when the valve is completed it is substantially a homogeneous structure, and when trimming the outer face of the head and stem to a smooth surface, no visible lines between the metals will exist.

Moreover, by having the stem project beyond the outer face of the head, asat 19, Fig. 7, a steel center is maintained, as the stem, after forming .the circumferential bead thereon, is not sufficiently heated during the latter steps in the process to cause the metal thereof to flow. This enables thevalve to be easily centered, as at 20, for finishing the valve, which would be impossible if the several metals were merged and brought to the center, due to the fact that such merged or commingled metals would be exceedingly hard.

It is apparent from the foregoing that a valve produced in this manner can be cheaply constructed, is exceedingly durable, and entirely practicable, and furthermore possesses improved features and many advantages over valves now in general use. Moreover, a valve thus constructed will obviate the objectionable noise and ringing sound occasioned by contact of the steel head of the ordinary valve against its seat during the actuation of the valve.

While it is to be understood that the head need not necessarily be of cast iron and the stem of steel, I prefer this combination of materials owing to the fact that the stem of the valve is subjected to greater heat than the head thereof, and for this purpose I resort to the use of s eel for the stem owing to the fact that iron will not satisfactorily withstand the extreme heat and strain to which the stem is subjected.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is,

1. The method of manufacturing valves which consists in forming a head with a central opening having an enlargement at one end, in placing said head onto a stem, in subjecting the stem at the base of said enlargement to heat and exerting pressure against the head end of the stem to cause the latter to become shortened and form a circumferential bead at its head portion, in subjecting the wall of said enlargement and said stem to heat and introduclng molten metal into said enlargement to unite with the metal of the stem and the walls of said enlargement.

2. The method of manufacturing valves which consists in forming a head with a central opening cylindrical through a portion of its length and flared the remaining portion to provide a pocket or cup, in pre-heating the head and forcing a stem into the opening of said head from the inner side thereof, said stem projecting through said opening beyond the outer face of said head, in heating the stem at the base of said pocket or cup and applying pressure to the outer end of said stem longitudinally so as to expand the metal radially at said heated portion and form a circumferential bead on said stem, in subjecting the portion of the stem within said pocket or cup and the wall of said pocket or cup to the action of heat and filling said pocket or cup with molten 'metal to unite with the head and stem. 

